Biology DIVISION AGNATHA

KEY TOPICS

`star` Divisions in Vertebrata
`star` Class Ostracodermi
`star` Class Cyclostomata

DIVISIONS IN VERTEBRATA

● Sub-phylum Vertebrata is further divided into two divisions:

`star` Group `color{Violet}"Agnatha"` (jaw less vertebrates)

`star` Group `color{Violet}"Gnathostomata"` (jawed vertebrates)

CLASS OSTRACODERMI

Group Agnatha is further divided into `color{Brown}"two"` classes.

[A] Ostracodermi
[B] Cyclostomata

Class [A] - `color{Brown}"Ostracodermi"` ("shell-skinned")

● All the members of this class are `color{Violet}"extinct"`.

● These were the freshwater fishes which were `color{Violet}"first vertebrates"`.

● Their body was covered by a `color{Violet}"protective covering"` made up of `color{Violet}"hard scales"`.

● Example: Cephalaspis.

CLASS [B] – CYCLOSTOMATA

● This class includes `color{Violet}"Jaw less fishes"` (false - fishes). They have a sucking and circular mouth without jaws.

● `color{Brown}"Mode of Nutrition"`: All living members of the class Cyclostomata are `color{Violet}"ectoparasites"` on some fishes .

● `color{Brown}"Habitat"`: Most of the members of this class are `color{Violet}"marine"` but migrate for `color{Violet}"spawning"` to fresh water. After spawning within few days they die. Their larvae, after metamorphosis, return back to Ocean.

● `color{Brown}"Respiration"`: Their body bears `color{Violet}"6-15 pairs"` of `color{Violet}"gills slits"` for respiration.

● `color{Brown}"Body"`: They have `color{Violet}"elongated body"` which is devoid of scales and paired fins.




● `color{Brown}"Digestive system"`: Stomach is absent. Intestine has spiral `color{Violet}"typhlosole"` (ridges inside the intestine to increase surface area for nutrient absorption).

● `color{Brown}"Circulatory system"`: Circulation is closed type, Heart is two – chambered called `color{Violet}"Venous - heart"`.

● `color{Brown}"Skeletal system"`: `color{Violet}"Notochord"` and `color{Violet}"vertebral column"` both are present. Cranium and vertebral column are `color{Violet}"cartilaginaus"`. Bones are absent.

● `color{Brown}"Tail"`: Tail is `color{Violet}"protocercal"` type. In this type of tail , notochord is extended at the last end of tail and tail fin is divided into two equal dorsal and ventral lobes.

● `color{Brown}"Development"`: Animals are `color{Violet}"unisexual"`; fertilization is external and larval stage absent. Exception: `color{Violet}"Ammocoete"` larva is found during development of Petromyzon.

● `color{Brown}"Examples"`: Petromyzon (Lamprey) and Myxine (Hagfish).







 
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